vocabulary set 4
by oneself
1 alone: she lives in the apartment by herself.
2 unaided: the patient often learns to undress by himself.
by way of see way.
means |miːnz|
plural noun1 [ treated as sing. or pl. ] (often means of/to do something) an action or system by which a result is achieved; a method: technology seen as a means to bring about emancipation | resolving disputes by peaceful means.
2 financial resources; income: a woman of modest but independent means.
• substantial resources; wealth: a man of means.
PHRASES
beyond (or within) one's means beyond (or within) one's budget or income. the government is living beyond its means. a flat that was within her means.
by all means of course; certainly (granting a permission): ‘May I make a suggestion?’ ‘By all means.’.
by any means [ with negative ] in any way; at all: I'm not poor by any means.
by means of with the help of; by using: supplying water to cities by means of aqueducts.
by no means (or by no manner of means)not at all;
certainly not: the outcome is by no means guaranteed.means of grace Christian Theology the sacraments and other religious agencies viewed as the means by which divine grace is imparted to the soul, or by which growth in grace is promoted.
means of production (in a political context) the facilities and resources for producing goods. in this society the means of production are communally owned.
a means to an end a thing that is not valued or important in itself but is useful in achieving an aim: higher education was seen primarily as a means to an end.
far
adverb
1 not far from the palace a fine garden was built: a long way, a great distance, a good way, afar. ANTONYMS near.
2 the liveliness of the production far outweighs any flaws: much, very much, considerably, markedly,immeasurably, decidedly, greatly, significantly, substantially, appreciably, noticeably, materially, signally;
to a great extent/degree, by much, by a great amount, by a great deal, by a long way, by far, by a mile, easily.
ANTONYMS slightly.
PHRASES
by far this would be by far the best solution: by a great amount, by a good deal, by a long way/chalk/shot, by a mile, far and away; undoubtedly, doubtlessly, without doubt, without question, decidedly, markedly, positively, absolutely, easily, immeasurably; significantly,substantially, appreciably, noticeably, materially, beyond the shadow of a doubt, much; informal as sure as eggs is
eggs.
far and near guests had travelled from far and near to be
there. See everywhere.
far and wide he was known far and wide. See everywhere.far from staff were far from happy with the outcome: not, not at all, nowhere near, a long way from, the opposite of.
go far she was a girl who would go far: be successful, succeed, prosper, flourish, thrive, get on, get on in the world, make good, make one's way in the world, make headway/progress, gain advancement, climb the ladder of success, rise in the world, set the world on fire;
ANTONYMS fail.
go too far they locked him up because he went too far: go over the top, go to extremes, go overboard, not know when to stop.
so far 1 nobody had taken any notice of me so far: until now, up till/to now, up to this point, as yet, thus far, up to the present, until/till the present, to date, by this time;
2 his liberalism only extends so far: to a certain extent, to a limited extent, to a degree, to some extent, within reason, within limits.
adjective
1 he'd travelled to far places in the war: distant, faraway, far off; remote, out of the way, far flung, far removed, outlying, obscure, isolated, cut-off, inaccessible, off the beaten track, in the back of beyond, godforsaken.ANTONYMS near; neighbouring.
2 a building on the far side of the campus: further, more distant; opposite. ANTONYMS near.
obstacle |ˈɒbstək(ə)l|
noun
a thing that blocks one's way or prevents or hinders progress: the major obstacle to achieving that goal is money.
ORIGIN Middle English: via Old French from Latin obstaculum, from obstare ‘impede’, from ob- ‘against’ + stare ‘stand’.obstacle
noun
lack of childcare provision was cited as a major obstacle for women who wish to participate in training initiatives: barrier, hurdle, stumbling , bar, block, impediment, hindrance, snag, catch, drawback, hitch, handicap, deterrent, complication, difficulty,problem, disadvantage, baulk, curb, check, stop, interference; obstruction, barricade, blockade; ANTONYMS advantage, asset, aid.
denouement |deɪˈnuːmɒ̃ | (also dénouement)
noun
the final part of a play, film, or narrative in which the strands of the plot are drawn together and matters are explained or resolved.
the film's denouement was unsatisfying and ambiguous.
• the outcome of a situation, when something is decided or made clear: I waited by the eighteenth green to see the denouement.
noun
1 the film's denouement was unsatisfying and ambiguous: finale, final scene, final act, last act, epilogue, coda, end, ending, finish, close; culmination, climax, conclusion, resolution, solution, clarification, unravelling. ANTONYMS beginning.
2 the debate had an unexpected denouement: outcome, upshot, consequence, result, end result, end, ending,termination, culmination, climax; ANTONYMS origin.
cessation |sɛˈseɪʃ(ə)n|
noun [ mass noun ]
the fact or process of ending or being brought to an end: the cessation of hostilities | [ count noun ] : a cessation of animal testing of cosmetics.
ORIGIN late Middle English: from Latin cessatio(n-),
from cessare ‘cease’.
cessation
noun
the cessation of hostilities: end, ending, termination, stopping, halting, ceasing, finish, finishing, stoppage,closing, closure, discontinuation, close, conclusion, discontinuance, off,abandonment, interruption, suspension, cutting short;pause, break,respite,resumption.ANTONYMS
start;let-up.
mollify |ˈmɒlɪfʌɪ|
verb (mollifies, mollifying, mollified) [ with obj. ]
appease the anger or anxiety of (someone): nature reserves were set up around the power stations to mollify local conservationists.
DERIVATIVES
mollification |-fɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n| noun,
mollifier noun
ORIGIN late Middle English (also in the sense ‘make soft or supple’): from French mollifier or Latin mollificare, from mollis ‘soft’.
mollify
verb
1 nature reserves were set up to mollify local conservationists:appease, placate, pacify, conciliate, humour, soothe, calm, calm down, still, quieten, propitiate; ANTONYMS enrage.
2 the government's undertaking mollified the fears of the public: allay, assuage, alleviate, mitigate, ease, lessen, reduce, moderate, lull, temper, tone down, cushion, quell, soften, blunt.
ANTONYMS inflame, aggravate.
assuage |əˈsweɪdʒ|
verb [ with obj. ]
make (an unpleasant feeling) less intense: the letter assuaged the fears of most members.
• satisfy (an appetite or desire): an opportunity occurred to assuage her desire for knowledge.
DERIVATIVES
assuagement noun
ORIGIN Middle English: from Old French assouagier, asouagier, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ (expressing change) + suavis ‘sweet’.
assuage
verb
1 an aching pain that could never be assuaged: relieve, ease,alleviate, soothe, mitigate, dampen, allay, calm, palliate,abate, lull, temper, suppress, smother, stifle, subdue,tranquillise, mollify, moderate, modify, tone down,attenuate, dilute, lessen, diminish, decrease, reduce,lower; put an end to, put a stop to, take the edge off;ANTONYMS aggravate.
2 her physical hunger could be quickly assuaged: satisfy, fulfil, gratify, appease, indulge, relieve, slake, sate, satiate, quench, quell, overcome, check, keep in check,dull,blunt,allay,take the edge off,
diminish.ANTONYMS intensify.
1 alone: she lives in the apartment by herself.
2 unaided: the patient often learns to undress by himself.
by way of see way.
means |miːnz|
plural noun1 [ treated as sing. or pl. ] (often means of/to do something) an action or system by which a result is achieved; a method: technology seen as a means to bring about emancipation | resolving disputes by peaceful means.
2 financial resources; income: a woman of modest but independent means.
• substantial resources; wealth: a man of means.
PHRASES
beyond (or within) one's means beyond (or within) one's budget or income. the government is living beyond its means. a flat that was within her means.
by all means of course; certainly (granting a permission): ‘May I make a suggestion?’ ‘By all means.’.
by any means [ with negative ] in any way; at all: I'm not poor by any means.
by means of with the help of; by using: supplying water to cities by means of aqueducts.
by no means (or by no manner of means)not at all;
certainly not: the outcome is by no means guaranteed.means of grace Christian Theology the sacraments and other religious agencies viewed as the means by which divine grace is imparted to the soul, or by which growth in grace is promoted.
means of production (in a political context) the facilities and resources for producing goods. in this society the means of production are communally owned.
a means to an end a thing that is not valued or important in itself but is useful in achieving an aim: higher education was seen primarily as a means to an end.
far
adverb
1 not far from the palace a fine garden was built: a long way, a great distance, a good way, afar. ANTONYMS near.
2 the liveliness of the production far outweighs any flaws: much, very much, considerably, markedly,immeasurably, decidedly, greatly, significantly, substantially, appreciably, noticeably, materially, signally;
to a great extent/degree, by much, by a great amount, by a great deal, by a long way, by far, by a mile, easily.
ANTONYMS slightly.
PHRASES
by far this would be by far the best solution: by a great amount, by a good deal, by a long way/chalk/shot, by a mile, far and away; undoubtedly, doubtlessly, without doubt, without question, decidedly, markedly, positively, absolutely, easily, immeasurably; significantly,substantially, appreciably, noticeably, materially, beyond the shadow of a doubt, much; informal as sure as eggs is
eggs.
far and near guests had travelled from far and near to be
there. See everywhere.
far and wide he was known far and wide. See everywhere.far from staff were far from happy with the outcome: not, not at all, nowhere near, a long way from, the opposite of.
go far she was a girl who would go far: be successful, succeed, prosper, flourish, thrive, get on, get on in the world, make good, make one's way in the world, make headway/progress, gain advancement, climb the ladder of success, rise in the world, set the world on fire;
ANTONYMS fail.
go too far they locked him up because he went too far: go over the top, go to extremes, go overboard, not know when to stop.
so far 1 nobody had taken any notice of me so far: until now, up till/to now, up to this point, as yet, thus far, up to the present, until/till the present, to date, by this time;
2 his liberalism only extends so far: to a certain extent, to a limited extent, to a degree, to some extent, within reason, within limits.
adjective
1 he'd travelled to far places in the war: distant, faraway, far off; remote, out of the way, far flung, far removed, outlying, obscure, isolated, cut-off, inaccessible, off the beaten track, in the back of beyond, godforsaken.ANTONYMS near; neighbouring.
2 a building on the far side of the campus: further, more distant; opposite. ANTONYMS near.
obstacle |ˈɒbstək(ə)l|
noun
a thing that blocks one's way or prevents or hinders progress: the major obstacle to achieving that goal is money.
ORIGIN Middle English: via Old French from Latin obstaculum, from obstare ‘impede’, from ob- ‘against’ + stare ‘stand’.obstacle
noun
lack of childcare provision was cited as a major obstacle for women who wish to participate in training initiatives: barrier, hurdle, stumbling , bar, block, impediment, hindrance, snag, catch, drawback, hitch, handicap, deterrent, complication, difficulty,problem, disadvantage, baulk, curb, check, stop, interference; obstruction, barricade, blockade; ANTONYMS advantage, asset, aid.
denouement |deɪˈnuːmɒ̃ | (also dénouement)
noun
the final part of a play, film, or narrative in which the strands of the plot are drawn together and matters are explained or resolved.
the film's denouement was unsatisfying and ambiguous.
• the outcome of a situation, when something is decided or made clear: I waited by the eighteenth green to see the denouement.
noun
1 the film's denouement was unsatisfying and ambiguous: finale, final scene, final act, last act, epilogue, coda, end, ending, finish, close; culmination, climax, conclusion, resolution, solution, clarification, unravelling. ANTONYMS beginning.
2 the debate had an unexpected denouement: outcome, upshot, consequence, result, end result, end, ending,termination, culmination, climax; ANTONYMS origin.
cessation |sɛˈseɪʃ(ə)n|
noun [ mass noun ]
the fact or process of ending or being brought to an end: the cessation of hostilities | [ count noun ] : a cessation of animal testing of cosmetics.
ORIGIN late Middle English: from Latin cessatio(n-),
from cessare ‘cease’.
cessation
noun
the cessation of hostilities: end, ending, termination, stopping, halting, ceasing, finish, finishing, stoppage,closing, closure, discontinuation, close, conclusion, discontinuance, off,abandonment, interruption, suspension, cutting short;pause, break,respite,resumption.ANTONYMS
start;let-up.
mollify |ˈmɒlɪfʌɪ|
verb (mollifies, mollifying, mollified) [ with obj. ]
appease the anger or anxiety of (someone): nature reserves were set up around the power stations to mollify local conservationists.
DERIVATIVES
mollification |-fɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n| noun,
mollifier noun
ORIGIN late Middle English (also in the sense ‘make soft or supple’): from French mollifier or Latin mollificare, from mollis ‘soft’.
mollify
verb
1 nature reserves were set up to mollify local conservationists:appease, placate, pacify, conciliate, humour, soothe, calm, calm down, still, quieten, propitiate; ANTONYMS enrage.
2 the government's undertaking mollified the fears of the public: allay, assuage, alleviate, mitigate, ease, lessen, reduce, moderate, lull, temper, tone down, cushion, quell, soften, blunt.
ANTONYMS inflame, aggravate.
assuage |əˈsweɪdʒ|
verb [ with obj. ]
make (an unpleasant feeling) less intense: the letter assuaged the fears of most members.
• satisfy (an appetite or desire): an opportunity occurred to assuage her desire for knowledge.
DERIVATIVES
assuagement noun
ORIGIN Middle English: from Old French assouagier, asouagier, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ (expressing change) + suavis ‘sweet’.
assuage
verb
1 an aching pain that could never be assuaged: relieve, ease,alleviate, soothe, mitigate, dampen, allay, calm, palliate,abate, lull, temper, suppress, smother, stifle, subdue,tranquillise, mollify, moderate, modify, tone down,attenuate, dilute, lessen, diminish, decrease, reduce,lower; put an end to, put a stop to, take the edge off;ANTONYMS aggravate.
2 her physical hunger could be quickly assuaged: satisfy, fulfil, gratify, appease, indulge, relieve, slake, sate, satiate, quench, quell, overcome, check, keep in check,dull,blunt,allay,take the edge off,
diminish.ANTONYMS intensify.
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